Tensile test significance

 Any engineering material will deform when subjected to force.This deformation process can be roughly divided into three basic stages: elastic deformation, plastic deformation and final fracture.Elasticity refers to the property of a solid material that changes its shape and size when an external force is applied, but then returns to its original state when the force is removed.Plasticity is the property that the shape and size of a solid material will change permanently when it is subjected to an external force exceeding a certain value.The fracture is the final result of the deformation of solid material under the action of external force, that is, the fracture occurs when the stress deformation of solid material produces crack and the crack grows to a certain critical value.

Static tensile test is a simple mechanical property test.It can clearly reflect the basic characteristics of the three deformation stages of the material: elastic, elastoplastic and fracture.Static tensile test is stable and reliable for the measurement of mechanical properties and convenient for theoretical calculation.Therefore, various countries and international organizations have formulated perfect standards of tensile test methods, and listed tensile test methods as the most basic and important test items in mechanical properties test.
The mechanical properties obtained from tensile tests include strength indexes such as specified non-proportional extension strength, yield strength and tensile strength, plastic indexes such as elongation after fracture and reduction of section, mechanical constants such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, and parameters representing the law of deformation and hardening of materials.These tests provide technical evaluation basis for material inspection, structural strength design, selection of engineering materials, plastic forming theory and processing technology of engineering materials.Therefore, static tensile test is one of the most widely used mechanical properties test methods in engineering.

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